Thermal Shutter and Shades, William Shurcliff

The Table of Contents is listed below. The sections that are marked as links may be viewed by clicking them. The book contains much excellent material, and is highly recommended. The book is out of print, but can be found used on Bookfinders.com or Amazon.com or the like.

Thanks to Dr. Shurcliff for making the excerpts from this book available!

Chap: 1 INTRODUCTION

Heat-Loss Through Windows Must Be Reduced!
The Solution: Thermal Shutters and Shades
Additional Benefits
The Writer's Goal
Definitions of Shutters. Shades, Etc.
Is There Some One Best Choice of Shutter or Shade?
Use of a Mixture of Strategies
Functions of a Window
Main Types of Windows
Conventions Used in Descriptions and Drawings
Warnings

Chap: 2 HOW HEAT IS LOST THROUGH WINDOWS

Typical Temperature Distributions at Windows
Mechanisms of Energy Loss
What is Heat?
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Amount of Power Radiated
Rate of Heat-Loss Through Window by Radiation
Rate of Heat-Loss Through Window by Conduction
Rate of Heat-Loss Through Window by Convection
Rate of Heat-Loss Through Well Sealed Window on a Winter Night
Heat-Loss Through Well-Sealed Window During Winter as a Whole
Circumstances That May Invalidate Predicted Values of Heat-Loss
Relative Importance of Heat-Loss Through Windows
Justification for Disregarding Solar Energy Inflow

Chap: 3 ECONOMICS OF SHUTTERS AND SHADES

Dollar Value of Heat Lost Through Windows
Dollar Value of Heat Saved by Shutters
Maximum Acceptable Cash Outlay for Shutters
Some Graphs of Heat Saving
Incremental Cost vs. Incremental Saving
List of Miscellaneous Penalties and Benefits Associated with Shutters
Does the Availability of Free Heat Affect the Economics?

Chap: 4 CONSIDERATIONS GOVERNING DESIGN OF SHUTTERS AND SHADES

Brief List of Criteria of Success
How Great a Reduction in Heat-Loss Should One Seek?
Use of Trapped Air

Seals
Optical Properties
Convenience
Durability
Warping
Moisture
Danger of Overheating the Shutter or Glazing on Hot Summer Day
Sudden Temperature-Change Danger to Thermopane
Fire Hazard
Other Hazards
Chimney Effect
Wind
Reducing the Wind Speed
Principles Relating to Manufacture, Shipping, Installing, and Adjusting
Which Location is Best: Outdoors Between Glazing Sheets, or Indoors
Why Not Design the Devices so That They Can Be Kept on the Windows During the Daytime Also?
Why R-Values of Shutters and Shades Are Seldom Mentioned in This Book
Proper Measure of Thermal Performance of a Shutter or Shade

Chap: 5 MAIN INSULATING MATERIALS

Thermax                                                                                                                                                               Polystyrene Foam
Urethane Foam
Thermoply                                                                                                                                                                Fiberglass
Foamglas
Wood
Aluminum Foil
Other Opaque Flexible Sheets

Chap: 6 OUTDOOR TRANSPARENT AND TRANSLUCENT INSULATING DEVICES

Manufacturers of Glass Sheets
Manufacturers of Replacement -Type Windows Double-Glazed with Glass
Manufacturers of Rigid and Semi-Rigid Plastic Sheets
Manufacturers of Flexible Plastic Sheets
Manufacturers of Bubble-Plastic and Honeycomb-Plastic Sheets
Manufacturers of Dual-Wall Translucent Plastic Sheets
Means of Attaching a Rigid Sheet
Means of Attaching a Flexible Sheet
Which Attachment Location Is Best?
How to Prevent a Large Outdoor Sheet of Flexible Plastic From Flapping and Bellying
Outdoor Set of Two or More Sheets of Translucent Glazing

Chap: 7 OUTDOOR OPAQUE SHUTTERS THAT ARE NOT PERMANENTLY ATTACHED

Main Design Features
Outdoor Single Plate Held by Buttons

Chap: 8 OUTDOOR OPAQUE SHUTTERS ATTACHED BY HINGES

Outdoor Single-Plate Attached by Hinges at One Side
Outdoor Shutter Employing Two Plates Hinged at the Sides

Outdoor Shutter Employing Two Pairs of Hinged Folding Plates Operable from Indoors (Thermafold Shutter)
Outdoor Single Plate Attached by Hinges at Top
Outdoor Single Plate Controlled by Cord Attached to Arm
Outdoor Single Plate, Hinged at Top. That Employs Four Tricks to Make Plate Close Tightly Automatically
Outdoor Single Plate, Hinged at Top, Raised with the Aid of a Pulley Attached to Eaves
Outdoor Single Plate That Can Be Secured at the Bottom by a Latch System Controlled by the Same Cord Used in Raising the Plate
Outdoor Single Plate Hinged at Top and Controlled by Worm-and-Gear (Saskatchewan Outdoor Shutter)
Outdoor Single Reflective Plate Hinged at Bottom (Baer Shutter)
Outdoor Single Reflective Plate Hinged at Bottom in Winter and at Top in Summer

Chap: 9 OUTDOOR OPAQUE SHUTTERS THAT SLIDE TO RIGHT OR LEFT

Outdoor Single Sliding Plate Suspended from an E-W Track (Zero Energy House Shutter)
Outdoor Tandem Sliding Plates Suspended from an E-W Track (Goosebrook House Shutter)
Outdoor Single Sliding Plate That Has Compliant Suspension. Slides with Little Friction, and Is Clamped Tightly Against Window Frame

Chap: 10 OUTDOOR OPAQUE SHUTTERS OF OTHER TYPES

Outdoor Multi-Wooden-Strip Roll-Up Shutter That Has Swing-Out Capability (Rolladen Shutter Employing Wood)
Outdoor Multi-Chambered-Hollow-Slat Roll-Up Shutter (Rolladen Shutter Employing Plastic)
Outdoor Multi-Chambered-Hollow-Slat Roll-Up Shutter (Therma-Roll Shutter)
Outdoor Multi-Chambered-Hollow-Slat Roll-Up Shutter (Serrande Shutter)
Outdoor Multi-Chambered-Hollow-Slat Roll-Up Shutter (Pease Rolling Shutter)
Outdoor Multi-Chambered-Hollow-Slat Roll-Up Shutter (Rolsekur Shutter)
Outdoor Multi-Styrofoam-Board Roll-Up Shutter (Beale Shutter)
Outdoor Venetian Blind- Type Devices

Chap: 11 BETWEEN-GLAZING-SHEETS DEVICES

Avoiding Build-Up of Trapped Moisture
Interposed Fixed Light- Transmitting Sheet
Interposed Roll-Up Aluminized Sheet with Roller at Top
Interposed Roll-Up Aluminized Sheet with Roller at Bottom: Scheme Due in Large Part to N. B. Saunders
Interposed Flexible Shade That Collapses Downward
Interposed Flexible Shade That Collapses Upward
Interposed Flexible Vertically-Sliding Mattress (SUNWC)
Interposed Flexible Set of Rigid Boards (Insulider)
Interposed Rigid Sliding Single Plate (Saskatchewan Shutter)
Interposed Venetian Blind of Simple Type ,"(Rolscreen Pella Slimshade)
Interposed Quantity of Polystyrene-Foam ~Beads (Beadwall) 101
Interposed Quantity of Hollow Glass Beads (3M Co. Macrosphere Window)
Interposed Quantity of Wet Foam

Chap: 12 INDOOR TRANSPARENT AND TRANSLUCENT DEVICES

Indoor Single Fixed Sheet
Indoor Device Employing Two Large, Fixed. I Translucent Sheets: A Simple Sheet and a Sheet of Bubble Plastic
Indoor Device Employing Two Sheets of Bubble Plastic and a Wooden Frame
Indoor Device Employing Sheet of Corrugated Translucent Plastic

Chap: 13 INDOOR OPAQUE SHUTTERS THAT ARE NOT PERMANENTLY ATTACHED

Special Benefits of Lightweight Shutters
Great Appeal of a Thermax Plate
Appeal of a Styrofoam Plate
Plates of Other Materials
Parking Problem
Knobs and Handles
Seals
Indoor Simple Plate That Is Pressed Against Window and Rests on Sill
Indoor Simple Plate Supported by the Edges of the Sash
Indoor Simple Plate Supported by Beveled Plastic Strips Cemented to the Glass Itself
Indoor Simple Plate Affixed to the Glass by Magnets
Indoor Folding Shutter That Is Installed Symmetrically

Chap: 14 INDOOR OPAQUE SHUTTERS THAT SLIDE

Indoor Plate That Slides (Without the Aid of Rollers) in Horizontal Channels
Indoor Plate That Slides (With the Aid of Rollers) in Horizontal Channels
Indoor Plate That Slides in Vertical Channels
Indoor Quilt That Slides Over the Top of a Trombe Wall
Indoor Train of Insulating Boards That Slides Over the Top of a Trombe Wall (Insulider Shutter)

Chap: 15 INDOOR OPAQUE SHUTTERS HINGED AT SIDE

How to Attach Hinges to a Plate of Rigid Foam
Indoor Two-Plate Shutter for Deeply Recessed Window: The Two Plates Are Held at the Sides by Hinges That Are Close to the Glazing
Indoor Automatic Two-Plate Shutter for Deeply Recessed Window: The Two Plates Are Attached by Vertical Pivots One Foot North of the Glazing (Levine Shutter)
Indoor Two-Plate Shutter Employing Thermoply (SUN SAVER Shutter)
Indoor Two-Plate Shutter Employing Rigid Foam Core
Indoor Shutter Employing Two Pairs of Hinged Folding Plates for Deeply Recessed Window
Indoor Shutter Employing Two Pairs of Hinged Folding Plates for Window That Is Only Slightly Recessed

Chap: 16 INDOOR OPAQUE SHUTTERS HINGED AT TOP

How to Insure That a Shutter That Is Attached by Hinges at the Top Will Close Tightly Automatically
Indoor Single Lightweight Plate Hinged at Top and Held Open by Hook Near Ceiling
Indoor Single Plate Hinged at Top and Controlled by Cord and Pulleys
Indoor Shutter Employing Single Plate Hinged at Top and a Counterweight That Serves Also to Provide Sealing Torque
Indoor Shutter Employing Simple, Thin-Walled Cup, Hinged at Top
Indoor Two-Plate Folding Shutter That Swings Up Out of the Way
Indoor Accordion-Folded Set of Plates That Can Be Raised by Means of One Vertical Cord That Passes Through the Plates
Indoor Shutter Employing Many Plates Each Affixed to Glazing by Means of Silicone Rubber Hinge (Silli Shutter)

Chap: 17 INDOOR OPAQUE ONE-SHEET ROLL-UP SHADES AND ROLL-UP SHUTTERS

Indoor Standard Roll-Up Shade
Indoor Standard Roll-Up Shade with Filler Sticks
Indoor Standard Roll-Up Shade with Vertical Clamping Bars Controlled at Top and Bottom
Indoor Standard Roll-Up Shade with Vertical Clamping Bars Controlled at Center
Indoor Extra-Wide Roll-Up Shade That Has Edge Seals of Informal Type
Indoor Extra-Wide Roll-Up Shade with Vertical Clamping Bars
Indoor Roll-Up Shade with Two Vertical Channels and. at Top. a Horizontal Sealing Lip (Windoseal by Lynn Economic Opportunity. Inc.)
Indoor Roll-Up Shade Employing Thin Quilt and Two Rollers (ATCWindow Quilt)
Indoor Roll-Up Shade Employing Thin Quilt. Two Rollers. and Wooden Channels (Helio Construction Shade)
Indoor Roll-Up Shade Sealed Along Edges by Tiny Magn~ts (Zomeworks Roll-Away Magnetic Curtain)
Indoor Roll-Up Shutter Employing Rigid Slats (Thermo-Sh'ade)

Chap: 18 INDOOR OPAQUE MULTI-SHEET ROLL-UP SHADES

Indoor System Employing Two Shades on One Recessed Roller
Indoor System Employing Two Shades on One Extra-Wide (Non-Recessed) Roller
Indoor System Employing Two Shades on Two Recessed Rollers
Indoor System Employing Two Simple Shades on a Recessed Roller and a Non-Recessed Roller
Indoor System Employing Two Simple Shades on Two Non-Recessed Rollers
Indoor Three-Sheet, Three-Roller Shade System (Insealshaid Made by Ark- Tic-Seal Systems, Inc.)
Indoor Five-Sheet Shade (Made by Insulating Shade Co., Inc.)
Indoor, Four-Sheet, Roll-Up, Self-lnflating Shade (Insulating Curtain Wall)
Indoor, Two-Sheet, Two-Roller Shade System That Can Constitute a Duct That Facilitates Solar Heating

Chap: 19 INDOOR DEVICES OF OTHER TYPES

Curtains That Are Permanently Fixed and Sealed at Top and Sides and Are Opened by Diagonally Upward Pulls (Scheme Described by Scully, Prowler, and Anderson)
Curtain-and-Liner That Can Be Slid Horizontally (Scheme Employing Liner Sold by Wind-N-Sun Shield, Inc.)
Curtains That Are Permanently Affixed and Sealed to Sides of Window and Can Be Slid Along a Horizontal Bar at Top and Then Sealed at Center and Bottom by Means of Magnets (Scheme Developed by Conservation Concepts Ltd.) 175
Curtains That Are Permanently Affixed and Sealed at Sides of Window Frame and Can Be Slid Along a Horizontal Bar at Top and Can Be Sealed at Bottom by a Long Heavy Pipe
Indoor Shade Held Up by Hooks at the Top

Indoor Multi-Cloth-Sheet Shade That Can Be Collapsed Downward
Indoor Quilt That Can Be Accordion-Folded (Sun Quilt)
Indoor Honeycomb- Type Shade That Is Guided by Vertical Splines and Can Be Hoisted (Scheme Developed by I. I. Anderson, Ir.)
Indoor Device Employing Many Slender Vanes
Indoor Device Employing Big, Thick Vanes (Skylid)
Indoor Shutter Employing Two Plates, One of Which Is Hinged at the Bottom
Indoor Shutter Employing a Plate That Is Hinged at the Bottom and, When Swung Downward, Forms a Worktable

Chap: 20 DEVICES FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Outdoor Hinged Reflecting-and-lnsulating Cover for Sloping Window
Indoor Hinged Reflecting-and-lnsulating Plate for Upper Region of Greenhouse
Outdoor Shutter That Serves a Sloping Window (and Is Closed by Being Slid Upward I Along the Window I
Outdoor Shutter That Serves a Slopping Window and is Closed by Being Unfolded and Moved 1 Upward Along Window
Between-Glazing-Sheets Flexible Pad That Serves a Sloping Window and Is Closed by Being Unfolded and Slid Upward
Indoor Plate That Serves a Sloping Window and Is Closed by Being Slid Downward
Indoor Hinged Pair of Plates That Serve a Tall I Sloping Window and Are Folded Up and I Swung Out of the Way During the Day
Indoor Hinged Plate Serving a Rooftop Monitor and Skylight
Devices That Serve a Trombe Wall
Devices That Help Keep Rooms Cool in Summer

Chap: 21 CONCLUSIONS

Savings
Priorities
Choice of Design Approach
Buy or Make?
Woes Concerning Installing Certain Commercial Devices
Choice of Approaches to Edge Seals
Predictions Concerning Goals in Seal Design
Great Appeal of Very Lightweight Insulating Plate
Fire Hazard Enigma

The Future of Roll-Up Shades
Suggestions to Homeowners

APPENDIXES

App: 1 HOW TO MEASURE THE HEAT-LOSS

Between-Glazing Temperature Head Method
Outdoor Gland Method
Indoor Gland Method
Method Applicable to Outdoor Devices and Between Glazing-Sheets Devices
Method Applicable to Single-Glazed Window
Crude Absolute Method for Use in Laboratory
Other Methods

App: 2 SEALS: SOME EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Face Seal
Overlap Seal Against Sash Frame
Overlap Seal Against Fixed Frame of Window
Edge Seal
Independence of the Upper and Lower Halves of the Window
Undersized Plate Pressed Against Glass

App: 3 FLOW OF ENERGY FROM A HOTTER FLAT SURFACE TO A NEARBY COOLER FLAT SURF ACE

Flow by Radiation
Flow by Radiation, Convection, Etc., in Parallel
Flow When a Thick Opaque Plate Is Involved Also

App: 4 TRADE NAMES OF SHUTTERS AND SHADES

App: 5 TRADE NAMES OF INSULATING PLATES AND SHEETS

App: 6 TRADE NAMES OF GLAZING MATERIALS

App: 7 MANUFACTURERS OF SPECIAL ADHERING REFLECTING FILMS

App: 8 AUTOMATIC ACTUATORS FOR WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, AND SHADES

Ambient- Temperature-Powered Actuators
Solar-Powered Actuator
Electrically-Powered Actuator

App: 9 ORGANIZATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED

Organizations
Persons Working Independently

App: 10 MASTER INDEX OF PERSONS

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX